General

Economic development and population growth in Peninsular India have resulted in rapid changes to land-use, land-management and water demand which together are seriously impacting and degrading water resources. Urbanization, deforestation, agricultural intensification, shifts between irrigated agriculture and rain-fed crops, increased groundwater use, and the proliferation of small-scale surface water storage interventions, such as farm-level bunds (usually to conserve soil moisture in fields) and check-dams (to replenish local aquifers) all have contributed to significant changes in the hydrological functioning of catchments. The impact of such changes and interventions on local hydrological processes, such as streamflow, groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration, are poorly constrained, and our understanding of how these diverse local changes cumulatively impact water availability at the broader basin-scale is very limited. Focussing on the highly contentious inter-state Cauvery River basin (with an area of c.80,000 km2, the Cauvery is one of India's largest river basins) our study addresses the key scientific challenge of representing the many local, small-scale interventions in Peninsular India at larger scales. Using observations from established experimental catchments in both rural and urban settings, the project will first explore how changes in land-use, land-cover, irrigation practices and small-scale water management interventions locally affect hydrological processes. In tandem we will then develop novel upscaling methods to represent the improved process-understanding in models at the larger sub-basin (Kabini, ~10,000 km2) and basin (Cauvery) scales. In so doing, the project will demonstrate the capability to generically represent the cumulative impact of abundant small-scale changes in basin-wide integrated water resources management models. The impact of local-scale interventions will further be modelled alongside projections of population growth, climate- and land-use-change and water demand to assess future impacts on water security across the basin. Key stakeholders are involved throughout the different stages of the project to ensure that project outputs reflect their interests and concerns and provide useful input to their decision making.

Objectives

The Newton Fund builds research and innovation partnerships with developing countries across the world to promote the economic development and social welfare of the partner countries.

General

There is particular concern of increasing forest degradation in the Kizarawe area in Tanzania. Illegal cutting of forest resources for energy purposes is an increasing problem in Daresalaam city. Communities in the villages have only little knowledge in tr ee nursery management and afforestation.The project is designed to support village people to learn basic knowledge about the forestry actions to save their environment and improve their living conditions. The main activities of the project are extension an d training. The people in the villages are trained to produce seedlings so that they can establish plantations. The villagers are also able to produce seedlings for sale to generate some income. The project also deals with the question of the private land ownership. The overall objective of the project is to improve the state of forests in the first hand in project villages but also wider in Kisarawe District and support the communities to be empowered on forest management and environmental conservation. Th e aim is also to improve the economic status of the village farmers.The purpose of the project is expand forest plantations and decrease the pressure of the remaining natural forests. Further the purpose is support NGO DeCo to be active and capable in fore st issues and in forestry extension on village level.The main beneficiaries are the village farmers (women and men) and their families.

General

The proposed operation is the first phase of the Shire Valley Transformation Program (SVTP-I) in Malawi. SVTP is a program of three sequential but partially overlapping phases (with different financiers entering at different times and in parallel financing arrangements). The program is to provide access to reliable gravity fed irrigation and drainage services, secure land tenure for smallholder farmers and strengthened management of wetlands and protected areas. SVTP-I will provide the necessary infrastructure and enabling environment to scale up the deployment of agricultural technologies under SVTP-II in line with the Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) framework to increase agricultural productivity and value addition. SVTP-II shifts investment focus to agricultural investment, private sector and value chain support, as well as the investments in bulk infrastructure for the SVIP-II area. Finally, SVTP-III is the massive scale up phase of investments to the SVIP-II area. SVTP-I has a time frame of seven years from 2018 to 2025 and total cost net of taxes and duties, is UA 155.93 million. The project has four main components, namely: (i) Irrigation Service and Infrastructure Provision; (ii) Land Tenure and Natural Resources Management Support; (iii) Agriculture development and Commercialization; and (iv) Project Management and Coordination.

Objectives

The SVTP-1 objective is to contribute to poverty reduction through increased value addition and provision of infrastructure for increased agricultural productivity and climate adaptation.

Target Groups

The direct beneficiaries of the project are approximately 56,000 families of smallholder farmers. The project will focus on the participation of women and female-headed households (about 40-60% of the total number of beneficiaries targeted by government policy) as well as young people, but will strive to include as many women as possible.