The pervasiveness of territorial marks in postconflict neighbourhoods elicited this study Relying on residents perceptions the study explored the dynamics underpinning residents use of territorial marks Primary data was collected by administering questionnaires to residents of various neighbourhoods within the study area Physical observations were conducted to identify all residential neighbourhoods and categorised into three homogenous zones From each homogenous zone 30 neighbourhoods were purposively selected In total 2055 buildings were identified within these selected neighbourhoods The

The main objective of this paper is to assess the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Tunis To this end three complementary studies were carried out at different levels Initially a diagnosis of the buildings adaptability to climate change at urban and architectural scales was established The methodology adopted was based on indicators obtained following a crossreference of environmental assessment tools This made it possible to highlight the lacunary factors related to thermal comfort According to this finding the second research was set up to focus on outdoor thermal comfort The

Afghanistan suffers from four decades of war caused a massive migration of the rural population to the cities Kabul was originally designed for 15 million people where now 5 million people live The importation of modern western styles housing for rapid reconstruction reveals apparent cultural conflict and significant environmental footprint The new constructive cultures for sustainable reconstruction should necessary consider the use of local materials combined with modern technologies Earthen architecture underlies the embodiment of Afghanistan architecture The aim of this research is to r