This study examines the dynamics of fringe land invasion in Birbir Town southern Ethiopia by adopting a descriptive survey design with both qualitative and quantitative data analyses Primary data were acquired through a household survey key informant interviews focus group discussions and observations This study also benefited from relevant secondary sources Using a simple random sampling technique 156 household heads were selected from Birbir and two adjacent rural areas The study revealed that informal settlement expansion in the form of fringe land invasion occurs in Birbir Town predomin

The main objective of this paper is to assess the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Tunis To this end three complementary studies were carried out at different levels Initially a diagnosis of the buildings adaptability to climate change at urban and architectural scales was established The methodology adopted was based on indicators obtained following a crossreference of environmental assessment tools This made it possible to highlight the lacunary factors related to thermal comfort According to this finding the second research was set up to focus on outdoor thermal comfort The

In todays highly regulated cities a conspicuous pattern of marginal open space has emerged between buildings and streets With rapid population growth different activities are also emerging in the open spaces particularly in the cities of developing countries This study explores the informal use of the marginal open spaces along residential streets in IleIfe Nigeria to identify the physical planning implications The data for this study were mainly collected through a questionnaire survey and open space measurements Findings established that the major activities in the open space were necessa