Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 421 - 425 of 1046Regional Law No. 1585-V amending Regional Law No. 601-III “On land”.
Article 12.2 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Plot or plots of land, indicated in land-use planning scheme or on cadastre map of the territory, shall be formed as a result of consolidation of land plots pertaining to various land categories, except for cases envisaged by the federal legislation”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 601-III “On land”. (2009-07-13)
Regional Law No. 75 “On municipal land control”.
This Regional Law establishes the modalities of performance of municipal land control by local government. Municipal land control shall be conducted in the form of ordinary and extraordinary inspections of legal persona and individual entrepreneurs. The subject of inspection shall be checking data and information contained in the documentation related to land tenure. The scope of inspection shall be to control compliance by land tenant with compulsory legislative requirements related to land tenure. Municipal land control shall be performed in accordance with the annual plans.
Presidential Decree No. 312 validating the Regulation on the Federal Agency of Immovable Property.
This Presidential Decree designates the Federal Agency of Immovable Property as the authorized federal executive body responsible for keeping the state land cadastre, conducting land valuations and survey, and enforcing land legislation. It shall have the following plenary powers: (a) territorial land use planning; (b) cadastre registration of immovable property; (c) mapping; (d) reports on administrative offences related to land legislation; and (e) protection of classified information.
Regional Law No. 1212-V amending Regional Law No. 542-III “On objects of cultural heritage”.
Article 6 shall be amended to add the following wording: “State supervision over the state, maintenance, conservation, management, promotion of the objects of cultural heritage shall be performed in accordance with the Federal Law “On objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 542-III “On objects of cultural heritage”. (2008-03-14)
Regional Law No. 64-OZ “On objects of cultural heritage”.
This Regional Law regulates relations originating in the sphere of conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage. State registration of the objects of cultural heritage shall include: (a) identification, inspection and listing of the objects of cultural heritage; (b) formation of the register of the identified objects of cultural heritage; (c) data collection related to the objects of cultural heritage; and (d) monitoring of the objects of cultural heritage.