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Russia

Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.

Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.

Russia is a semi-presidential federation.

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Displaying 406 - 410 of 1046

Regional Law No. 725-KZ “On ensuring fertility of agricultural land”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

The scope of this Regional Law shall be to ensure fertility of agricultural land by owners, landlords, land tenants and leaseholders. The main arrangements for ensuring soil fertility shall be: (a) elaboration and realization of regional programs; (b) soil, agrochemical, phytosanitary, ecological and toxicological inspection; (c) investments in soil conservation and reproduction; and (d) improvement of soil quality and fertility.

Regional Law No. 279-Z N 563-III “On ensuring fertility of agricultural land”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

The scope of this Regional Law shall be to ensure fertility of agricultural land by owners, landlords, land tenants and leaseholders. The main arrangements for ensuring soil fertility shall be: (a) elaboration and realization of legislative acts under conditions of perpetually frozen soil; (b) investments in soil conservation and reproduction; and (c) state governance in the sphere of ensuring soil fertility of agricultural land.

Regional Law No. 31-kz “On ensuring fertility of agricultural land”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

The scope of this Regional Law shall be to ensure fertility of agricultural land by owners, landlords, land tenants and leaseholders. The main arrangements for ensuring soil fertility shall be: (a) elaboration and realization of regional programs; (b) soil, agrochemical, phytosanitary, ecological and toxicological inspection; (c) investments in soil conservation and reproduction; and (d) improvement of soil quality and fertility.

Regional Law No. 2-434 “On ensuring fertility of agricultural land”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

The scope of this Regional Law shall be to ensure fertility of agricultural land by owners, landlords, land tenants and leaseholders. The main arrangements for ensuring soil fertility shall be: (a) elaboration and realization of regional programs; (b) soil, agrochemical, phytosanitary, ecological and toxicological inspection; (c) investments in soil conservation and reproduction; and (d) improvement of soil quality and fertility.

Order No. 18 of 1994 of the Federal Committee on Land Resources and Land Survey regarding the validation of the Regulation on legal actions to be undertaken by the state land inspectors against the physical persons, officials, and juridical persons tha...

Regulations
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

This Regulation consists of VI parts. Part I lays down the general provisions. Part II regards the modalities of official registration of the infringement of land legislation. Part III concerns the modalities of examination of the cases of the infringement of land legislation. Part IV establishes the modalities of appeal against the decisions of land commissions and the resolutions of the state land inspectors and their deputies. Part V regards the execution of the resolution on the imposition of a fine.