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This paper introduces and applies an analytical framework to study how formal andinformal institutions influence socio–economic change and poverty reduction inrural Cambodia, giving specific reference to property rights and collective action. Itfocuses on emerging endogenous mechanisms of cooperation as well as on the roleof external actors and instruments in forming or enhancing collective actioninstitutions, and enforcing use and ownership rights among the rural poor. Withinthis framework key contextual factor, such as asset endowments, legal structures,and power relations, have an impact on poverty and rural livelihoods, but are alsomediated and changed by property right regimes and local cooperation. Findingsindicate that access to and use of natural capital still contributes significantly torural incomes. Access to natural resources is, however, defined by multiple andoverlapping rights, both private and common ones, which are, in turn, governed byformal and informal patterns of cooperation. Collective action also contributes toimprove livelihoods. Nevertheless, depending on asset endowments, differencesexist in the degree of participation. Owing to Cambodia’s recent history of genocide,forced collectivization and resettlement, property rights regimes have been severelyaffected, remain contested, and are re–established only slowly. In this context, themutual trust necessary for successful cooperation in common property issues isseverely undermined.
