General

Community land ownership no longer exists in Transmara, as land is already subdivided and titled for each head of the family, the men. This leaves women with limited access and no control over land decision-making, especially widowed women whose land is taken over by the husbands' male relatives. This project will increase indigenous women's access to and control of productive resources such as land by strengthening the networks of organized women groups in advocating for their land rights. This will improve women#s participation in decision making on land issues and ensure access to land, and other productive resources. The project will also work to sensitize the communities on women's land rights and ensure participation of women in land boards and other decision making bodies.

General

Jali Ardhi' means 'Care for the Land' in Swahili. This is the short project name for the interdisciplinary Global Challenges Research Fund project "Socio-ecological resilience to soil erosion driven by extreme events: past, present and future challenges in East Africa" upon which this innovation proposal is based. Soil erosion and downstream siltation problems challenge water, food and energy (i.e. HEP) security with growing threats from climate change. Even under 'normal' climatic conditions, soil erosion by water reduces water and nutrient retention, biodiversity and plant primary productivity on agricultural land putting stress on food production, notwithstanding ecosystem and water resource damage downstream. This undermines the environmental and economic resilience of communities that depend on soil and water resources, and shocks are often amplified by physical and socio-cultural positive feedback mechanisms. At community level, soil erosion has severe impacts through undermining food and water security and curtailing mobility between communities, resources and markets in fragmented landscapes. Environmental shocks can, however, lead to a learning experience that propels a system to a qualitatively different pathway and can support greater-than-previous levels of resilience (sometimes termed 'bounce back'). Co-design of sustainable land management practices and implementation of appropriate community-focussed legislation will enable rural communities to (1) recover from environmental impacts to a resilience level beyond the prior state through restoration/enhancement of degraded landscapes and (2) withstand shock of future extreme climatic events with longer-term sustainability and socio-economic benefits. This Innovation follow-on grant proposal draws on in-depth evidence of soil erosion causes, processes and impacts in rural Tanzania, specifically Maasai communities that are in a fragile state of transition from pastoralism to more sedentary and mixed agri-pastoral livelihoods. It builds on proven and interdisciplinary stakeholder engagement to deliver a new action framework for the development of bottom-up policy instruments (byelaws) to achieve credible change in land management practice with long-term socio-economic benefits for these impoverished rural communities. The Innovation programme will build on the resulting research evidence base of the problem and potential pathways to land management change that, in turn, underpin specific and tangible outcomes for the end-user communities such as diversification of agricultural activity, adoption of conservation agriculture/grazing approaches and alternative, sustainable livelihood development. Facilitating a step change in land management practice to reduce complex soil erosion impacts is a fundamental target within the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (e.g. SDG15, target 3 reducing land degradation while enabling communities to become more resilient e.g. SDG13), a challenge that requires the interdisciplinary approach developed and proven by our team. Working with key partners in local government, a soil conservation NGO, specialists in participatory approaches and end-user communities (with whom we have a close working relationship from prior research), our proposed innovation activities will provide an exemplar for how land management change can be realised from research evidence. While this small innovation project offers an opportunity to demonstrate a new evidence-based, bottom-up approach with communities, scaling up the impact of the Jali Ardhi approach to the East African region remains our wider ambition.

Objectives

The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world.

General

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO SUPPORT THE PROTECTION OF LOMA MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK S enDANGERED CHIMPANZEES BY (1) CONDUCTING SURVEYS TO ESTIMATE CHIMPANZEE ABUNDANCE, UNDERSTAND POPULATION DYNAMICS, AND IDenTIFY CULTURAL TRAITS (2) CONDUCTING FECAL ANALYSIS AND BOTANICAL SURVEYS TO DETERMINE CHIMPANZEE DIETARY HABITS, AND RESOURCE NEEDS AND USE (3) USING BOTANICAL SURVEYS, SATELLITE IMAGERY AND GROUND TRUTHING TO MAP CHIMPANZEE HABITAT (4) RESTORING THAT HABITAT THROUGH REFORESTATION WITH KEY TREE SPECIES (5) IMPROVING BIOMONITORING THROUGH INCREASING THE NUMBER OF COMMUNITY MONITORS AND EXPANDING THEIR TRAINING (6) CONDUCTING enVIRONMenTAL EDUCATION IN 14 SCHOOLS AND INTRODUCING A ROOTS AND SHOOTS PROGRAM FOR REGIONAL YOUTH (7) IMPROVING UNDERSTANDING OF LOCAL ECONOMIES THROUGH A SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY AND LAND USE PLANNING AND PROMOTING A SHIFT TO MORE enVIRONMenTALLY FRIenDLY LIVELIHOODS.