The environment is deteriorating on a long-term basis in the Ejina River Basin in Inner Mongolia, China as a result of a water shortage. The shortage was caused by increased water use by industries and agriculture after 1992 along the upper part of the Ejina River.

This document is hence organized not around the three types of challenges, but around five themes of governance, public finance issues, private sector-led economy, poverty and environment, and human capital, all crucial to achieving faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth. Chapter one provides the country context.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Report preparation and contact persons:
1 What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time?
2 What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time?
3 What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed?

There is a very close relationship between forestry and farming. Both forests and farms are source of food (both from plants and animals), nutrition, health, and livelihoods for family farmers. Besides, forests provide sources for fuel, energy, water and medicines. Forests beautify and contribute to biodiversity in a particular landscape.

The aim of this document is to help countries seeking to develop a REDD+ Forest Reference Emission Level and/or Forest Reference Level (FREL/FRL) under the UNFCCC. The document provides a structural overview of UNFCCC requirements for FREL/FRL construction, summarizing UNFCCC guidance and translating it into elements needed for FREL/FRL construction.

Em 1990 Moçambique era considerado o país mais pobre do mundo. Porém, após o fim da guerra civil em 1992, o país tem estado a testemunhar grandes investimentos públicos e privados, uma inflação baixa e estável, taxas de juro em decréscimo o que tem contribuído para um crescimento económico rápido.

No mundo e em África, o agronegócio internacional assume novas dimensões nos últimos anos. A procura de extensas áreas no estrangeiro para a produção em grandes plantações de commodities, associada à crescente internacionalização do capital agrário e financeiro em programas bi ou multilaterais é uma das manifestações desse fenómeno.

This article from the World Forestry Congress Proceeding aims to inform policy makers and other key stakeholders about issues and concerns of grassroots stakeholders with regards to REDD+ policy and program development.

Asia-Pacific is a forest conflict hotspot as too often forest governance and management excludes the interests and values of local and indigenous people, who see their rights increasingly diminished as the allocation of forestland to private sector entities and conservation areas intensifies.

Community forestry (CF) has been seen as an optimal method for dealing with the many challenges facing forests in Asia-Pacific region. Many stakeholders, however, are questioning whether CF is proving to be an effective way to improve the livelihoods of the community.

Research shows that community forestry enterprises (CFE) in community forestry (CF) sites are restricted due to a number of factors: a lack of support by governments, combined with policies that undermine CFE’s viability; misconceptions by governments that communities are unable to manage forests in a sustainable manner;  and regulatory framework that favours private sector and state forest ent