Land & Climate Change

Introduction
Rice is a major source of nutrients, largely contributing to the food and nutrition security for millions of
people in Africa although most countries still rely on huge imports to meet local demand. Extreme
temperatures, drought, flooding, and high salinity are climate change related stresses that negatively

Food legumes are key commodities produced in sole and mixed cropping system in Ethiopia. Their productivity has been affected recently by virus infections. Field surveys were conducted from 2018/19 to 2021/22 cropping seasons in the highlands of Ethiopia to identify major viruses and determine how biophysical factors affect disease incidence.

Agroecology is increasingly gaining importance around the world, including in Tunisia: It is defined as a holistic approach to redesign food systems in the purpose of concurrently achieving ecological, economic, and social sustainability.

Livestock production and productivity are very low in Ethiopia. Poor quality and inadequate quantity of feeds are major constraints in the Ethiopian highlands. The farming system in Bale zone, where AICCRA project has been operating, is dominated by production of wheat as a major food and cash crop. Most grazing lands changed to cultivated lands due to increasing human population.

There are many steps needed to get food on plates— all of which take resources and time. Yet we do not know how different household members are contributing their time. Neither do we have simple tools to measure their contributions to household tasks in household surveys.

Over the last decade in India, farmer producer organizations (FPOs) have emerged as a means of collectivizing smallholder farmers and providing them access to extension, innovation, and market services.

Partnerships are widely applied to improve smallholder inclusivity in the value chain. The results are not always as expected. This study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing smallholder inclusivity. Oil palm smallholders were chosen, considering that palm oil is the largest agribusiness in Indonesia, and more than 40% of the total land area belongs to smallholders.

With the acknowledgment of climate change as a key development concern, the concept of climate resilience to combat its impacts has gained research and policy impetus. Further, there has been a growing emphasis on gender in climate resilience, given that women are documented as experiencing greater vulnerabilities and adaptation challenges.

Agriculture and livestock represent the main incomegenerating activity for women and youth in the rural areas of Mali. It is expected that climate change will lead to a reduction in food production due to changes in rainfall patterns and temperature in Africa (Awojobi and Tetteh, 2017), and Mali is facing the same challenges.