This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Panama, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Panama has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Land use change and forestry are by far

This paper explains how climate change
may increase future migration, and which risks are
associated with such migration. It also examines how some of
this migration may enhance the capacity of communities to
adapt to climate change. Climate change is likely to result
in some increase above baseline rates of migration in the
next 40 years. Most of this migration will occur within
developing countries. There is little reason to think that

The objective of this study is to
develop an integrated basin planning framework for analyzing
and prioritizing water resources development options in
Afghanistan, and to demonstrate its application in the Kabul
River basin. Accordingly, the study focuses on the tasks of:
(a) analyzing the medium and long-term options for
developing the water resources of the Kabul River basin for
multiple purposes, including domestic and industrial water

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Paraguay, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Paraguay has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Land use change and forestry are the

The main objective of the Senegal
Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to reinforce the
ongoing dialogue on environmental issues between the World
Bank and the Government of Senegal. The CEA also aims to
support the ongoing Government implementation of a strategic
results-based planning process at the Environment Ministry
(MEPNBRLA). The main goal is to enable Senegal to have the
necessary tools to attain the Millennium Development Goals

Carbon accounting and labeling for
products are new instruments of supply chain management that
may affect developing country export opportunities. Most
instruments in use today are private business management
tools, although the underlying science and methodologies may
spread to issues subject to public regulation. This note
seeks to inform stakeholders involved in the design of
carbon labeling schemes and in the making of carbon emission

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Argentina, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up.
Argentina is one of the four developing countries in the
world to have submitted two national communications to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), indicating strong commitment by the government for

Rapid economic growth in China has
boosted its demand for commodities. At the same time, many
commodity sectors have experienced declining demand from
high-income northern economies. This paper examines two
hypotheses of the consequences of this shift in final
markets for the organization of global value chains in
general, and for the role played in them by southern
producers in particular. The first is that there will be a

Forest-sector collaborative arrangements
come in many forms. The local partner may be a community, an
association, or a set of individual landholders. The outside
partner may be a private organization or a government. The
interest of the local partner may be production of income
from the forest, security of access to land, increased labor
or small business opportunities, protection of traditionally
valued resources, or other values. The interest of the

Climate change governance poses
difficult challenges for contemporary
political/administrative systems. These systems evolved to
handle other sorts of problems and must now be adapted to
handle emerging issues of climate change mitigation and
adaptation. This paper examines long-term climate
governance, particularly in relation to overcoming
"institutional inertia" that hampers the
development of an effective and timely response. It argues

This paper discusses short-run and
long-run effects of "green stimulus" efforts, and
compares these effects with "non-green" fiscal
stimuli. Green stimulus is defined here as short-run fiscal
stimuli that also serve a "green" or environmental
purpose in a situation of "crisis" characterized
by temporary under-employment. A number of recently enacted
national stimulus packages contain sizeable
"green" components. The authors categorize effects

This report summarizes the main outputs
of the technical assistance provided which was concentrated
in three areas: (1) development of MAIL's strategic
priorities and investments for the immediate future/short
term, medium term and longer term; (2) advising Ministry of
Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) regarding the
design of an appropriate structure of the Ministry and
definition of corresponding responsibilities; (3)