Six emerging economies, Brazil, China,
India, Indonesia, Mexico, and South Africa, are proactively
seeking to identify opportunities and related financial,
technical, and policy requirements to move towards a low
carbon growth path. With the help of the Energy Sector
Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), the governments of
these countries have initiated country-specific studies to
assess their development goals and priorities, in

Carbon accounting and labeling are new
instruments of supply chain management and, in some cases,
of regulation that may affect trade from developing
counties. These instruments are used to analyze and present
information on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from supply
chains with the hope that they will help bring about
reductions of GHGs. The designers of these schemes are
caught in a dilemma: on one hand they have to respond to

Climate change is already a reality.
This is evidenced by the acceleration of global temperature
increases, the melting of ice and snow covers, and rising
sea levels. Latin America and the Caribbean region (LCR) are
not exempt from these trends, as illustrated by the changes
in precipitation patterns that are already being reported in
the region, as well as by observations of rising
temperatures, the rapid melting of Andean tropical glaciers,

This report provides a complete and
comprehensive analysis of industrial wastewater management
in industrial estates and craft villages in Vietnam. The
analysis was conducted in three separate stages: 1) a
detailed inventory of industries and industrial activities
responsible for the pollution of the Nhue-Day river basin,
including industrial zones, industrial clusters, industrial
points, craft villages and large-scale stand alone

Wastewater use in agriculture is a
growing practice worldwide. Drivers include increasing water
stress, in part due to climate change; increasing
urbanization and growing wastewater flows; and more urban
households engaged in agricultural activities. The problem
with this trend is that in low-income countries, but also in
many middle-income countries, it either involves the direct
use of untreated wastewater or the indirect use of polluted

The little green data book 2010 show
wide disparities across regions. For example, urban air
pollution declined in most countries between 2000 and 2006
(the most recent year for which data is available), with the
greatest progress in low-income and lower middle-income
countries. But concentration levels are still nearly three
times higher in these countries than in high-income
countries. The book also estimates adjusted net savings,

This paper focuses on evaluations with
findings that challenge important assumptions of the
development field. Its objective is to pinpoint the areas to
watch for in operations or policies that are decisive for
results. By drawing the attention of development
practitioners, policy makers, and evaluators to these
seemingly obvious but often neglected areas, it aims to
improve development effectiveness by better connecting

This study on Addis Ababa is part of the
national Public Expenditure Review (PFR-2010) study and the
report is one of the four regional PER-2010 reports. The
objective of the study is to review the institutional
arrangements for managing public finances in Addis Ababa
city administration, to assess the level, trend, and
composition of public revenue, spending and financing as
well as to review the planning and budgeting process. The

This report evaluates International
Development Association (IDA) support to Nepal during
2003-2008. IDA’s overarching goal during this period was to
support the Government’s efforts to reduce poverty and
improve human well-being. IDA focused on helping to foster
broad-based growth, social development, social inclusion,
and good governance. The evaluation highlights the need to
introduce greater realism into the country assistance

This country program evaluation (CPE)
assesses the outcomes of the World Bank Group (WBG) program
in Timor-Leste during the review period (2000 to 2010). The
WBG’s strategy during this period was to support the
government of the nascent country in three broad areas: (a)
poverty alleviation and the provision of basic social
services, including health and education; (b) development of
state institutions, including creating good governance and

The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Study
evaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications on
refiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
(SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce the
levels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducing
human exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. The
health study estimates the health impacts and associated
monetary benefits associated with the proposed improvements

Based on analysis of recent data on the
evolution of global temperatures, snow and ice covers, and
sea level rise, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) has recently declared that "warming of
the climate system is unequivocal." Global surface
temperatures, in particular, have increased during the past
50 years at twice the speed observed during the first half
of the 20th century. The IPCC has also concluded that with