This study documented existing knowledge on traditional fruits, vegetables and pulses in Kenya and Ethiopia. The aim was to identify neglected and underutilized species with high potential for food security, for their economic value and contribution to sustainable agriculture, based on a literature review and confirmation of existing data by local experts. In order of priority, the top 5 fruit species in Kenya are Tamarindus indica L. , Adansonia digitata L.

The theory of change depends on all work being done within partnerships, particularly with
national research and extension systems(NARES) and with small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
active in the national breeding and seed sectors. A core focus is to raise the NARES-CGIAR-SME
breeding networks’ collective strategic and operational capacity to deliver a high rate of uptake
and replacement in seed varieties among small-scale farmers in low- and medium- income
countries.

Accelerating the scaling of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) requires institutional innovations and interactions among stakeholders operating across scales. The West Africa CSA Alliance (WACSA) and the Central Africa CSA Alliance (CACSA) are two CSA institutional innovations operating at regional scale and aimed at facilitating dialogue and discussions among stakeholders, as well as fostering collective actions to transform and reorient agricultural systems in face of climate change.

Profiling an innovation bundle describes the bundle and bundling process, assesses its scalability, and identifies possible pathways to adapt and scale existing bundles to different areas.

This chapter advances the state-of-the-art understanding of tipping cascades across scales and systems between Earth system and social tipping points. We consider a tipping cascade to occur when extremes or passing of a tipping point in one system triggers or increases the likelihood of reaching a tipping point in another. Here, this means that crossing an Earth system tipping point or experiencing an extreme volatility in the natural system can lead to cascading impacts that trigger social tipping points, and vice versa.

To improve the farming efficiency, Egypt has been struggling to narrow the water, energy, and yield gaps owing to exacerbated water shortage. For quantitative diagnosis of farming performance, the paper presented an on-farm water, energy, food, and carbon-footprint (WEFC) nexus index made up of four equally pillars. The arithmetic average preserved the multi-centric approach and equal importance of the four pillars.

Agriculture plays a major role in economic growth, but it is also an important source of greenhouse gas emissions in Kenya. To achieve Kenya’s NDC target of cutting GHG emissions by 32% by 2030 relative to business-as-usual (BAU) of 143 MtCO2 eq, there is need to identify and promote scalable innovations for food system emissions reduction. The CGIAR Initiative on Low-Emission Food Systems (Mitigate+) can contribute towards Kenya’s NDC. The Mitigate+ Initiative aims to reduce annual global food system emissions by 7% by 2030. Kenya is among the prioritized countries for the initiative.

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is designed for Excellence in Agronomy (EiA) Use Case teams with an interest in developing gender- and youth-responsive agronomic solutions. The SOP is a guide to help Use Case teams move from each step in their workflows when designing, validating, and piloting their Minimum Viable Products (MVPs) to ensure they can develop gender- and youth-responsive agronomic solutions by the end of their Use Case.

About 85% of Bangladesh's land is plain land where the mixed farming system (MFS) is practiced in which crops and livestock, as major enterprises are integrated. The objectives of this study were to characterize Bangladesh's MFSs and identify their potential and problems at two representative locations in the country's north and south. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field visits were used in the study. The results showed that the current MFSs were characterized by a mixture of subsistence and commercial farming and intensive and small-scale land ownership.

The food systems are not only central to our daily lives but also act as a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; it generates more than a third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. As the world aims to achieve the goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, there is a need to identify, prioritize and scale innovations that can contribute to food systems transformation and generate SDG co-benefits.

Growing attention to food environment policies has been observed to address the multiple aspects of malnutrition (Kumar et al. 2023). In India, interventions promoting sustainable agriculture, small-scale farming, and equitable access to markets have been initiated to address the food and nutrition security of economically vulnerable groups. However, transformative interventions require deeper understanding specific contexts and a deep knowledge of the food environment.

The research note discusses the Small Farmers Large Field (SFLF) collective action piloted in the states of Odisha and Assamaimed at addressing the challenges faced by small and marginal potato farmers. The model focuses on aggregating farmers to achieve bargaining power, synchronize operations, and improve quality by adopting a single variety of potato. The study uses a mixed method research design to assess the benefits of the SFLF model, including improved quality of inputs, increased mechanization, emerging social networks, and market linkages.