Land means the basic part of the natural environment, the basic instrument of human life, activity and immovable property, which is being disposed of in the process of land relation. Land should be used when coordinating private and public interests as well as environment protection requirements.

Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is undergoing a process of transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented economy.

The current support policy is increasing gaps in land management intensity among different regions of the country. The support policy for agricultural and rural development does not deal with solutions for land abandonment or environmental objectives, because the abandonment is becoming a hidden, environmental policy and rural development process, which is more expensive for society. Some alternative approaches and principles for designing a new agricultural land policy for Latvia could decrease the policy costs and make land management more targeted and acceptable for society.

This paper profiles cases of corporate farming practices and examines the rationale for allowing corporate farming in India in the context of its agriculture and rural sector. It points out that the rationale is weak and not supported by evidence on corporate farming.Corporate farming is promoted on the grounds that large-scale corporate agriculture is more efficient than peasant farming prevalent in the country and that it leads to better allocative efficiency, induces higher private investment in agriculture, and results in higher output, income and exports.

The author describes a new type of negotiated land reform that relies on voluntary land transfers negotiated between buyers and sellers, with the government's role restricted to establishing the necessary framework for negotiation and making a land purchase grant available to eligible beneficiaries. This approach has emerged-following the end of the Cold War and broad macroeconomic adjustment--as many countries face a second generation of reforms to address deep-rooted structural problems and provide a basis for sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction.

Customary land titling has made been possible for the first time in Vietnam under the country's newly revised Land Law. This policy brief highlights the key findings and recommendations arising from Government-donor discussions on the implementation of customary titling - an approach to land tenure and management which finds strong and growing support in many other countries. In Vietnam, as elsewhere, customary titling largely concerns areas of forest land held or claimed by ethnic minority groups, and therefore needs to be approached with sensitivity.

The proposed project would aim to extend the benefits of secure landownership to up to 700,000 small farmers in Brazil's Northeast region and to improve the Government's ability to formulate land policies and administer land resources.

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in applying the concept of resilience to pastoral systems and to development programs in pastoral systems. This paper addresses pastoralism and its resilience in Africa south of the Sahara, with a primary focus on the Horn of Africa and some contrast to West African examples. It begins with an overview of the realities of contemporary pastoralism in this area that highlights social, economic, and political challenges and opportunities.

T he Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) committed to the mitigation of the effects of climate change by signing the Kyoto Protocol for climate change and other related environmental management protocols. Since 1994, DRC has produced two national climate change communication documents (RDC, Ministère de l’Environnement, Conservation de la Nature, Eaux, et Forêts 2001; RDC, Ministère de l’Environnement, Conservation de la Nature et Tourisme 2009).