The factors influencing the size and shape of exptl. field plots (area of exptl. lot, soil types, trial objective, no. of replicates, and degree of accuracy and homogeneity of the exptl. material) for the execution of field expt. are discussed. The basic principles of the following different methods to determine plot size are described: max. curve method, method of Koch and Rigney, Hatheway's method, and the max. curve method using the multiple linear regression model. Some considerations are presented on the border effect and on plot size in bush and climbing bean trials.

In agriculture, surveying is required to prepare topographical maps that indicate variations in the level of the land's surface. Topographical maps are necessary as a base for the preparation of research station maps which include layout of field, buildings, roads, and soil conservation measures.

In the face of the climate crisis and threats to food security, a safe water supply and biodiversity, GLF Bonn 2019 sought to hear the voices of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, women and youth – all of those with the greatest stake in confronting such global challenges. The forum did not avoid identifying hurdles, most of which stem from conflicting rights and interests, that hinder cooperation to rapidly secure the rights to a healthy life for present and future generations.