The study provides a framework to estimate the health risk of farmers using wastewater in agriculture.
The study addresses the SDG 6.3: to contribute to inform water recycling and reuse.
Exposure to wastewater via contact with Nhue River water, pond water and composted excreta represents an important health risk.
Study results are useful in developing an integrated strategy for risk management in the agricultural settings.

Land grabbing has transformed rural environments across the global South, generating resistance or political reactions “from below”. In authoritarian countries like Laos, where resource investments are coercively developed and insulated from political dissent, resistance appears absent at first glance. Yet, it is occurring under the radar, largely outside transnational activist networks. In this article, we examine how resistance can protect access to rural lands in contexts where it is heavily repressed.

The rapid development of farmer-led irrigation is increasing agricultural productivity, incomes, employment and nutrition, but it might well not achieve its full potential. Small-scale irrigators tend to be younger, male and better-off. Women and resource-poor farmers – the majority of farmers in sub-Saharan Africa– are disadvantaged and often excluded from the numerous benefits to be gained from irrigation.

The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) concept reflects
an ambition to improve the integration of agriculture
development and climate responsiveness. It aims to
achieve food security and broader development goals
under a changing climate and increasing food demand.
CSA initiatives sustainably increase productivity, enhance
resilience, and reduce/remove greenhouse gases (GHGs),
and require planning to address tradeoffs and synergies
between these three pillars: productivity, adaptation, and

The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) concept reflects
an ambition to improve the integration of agriculture
development and climate responsiveness. It aims to
achieve food security and broader development goals
under a changing climate and increasing food demand.
CSA initiatives sustainably increase productivity, enhance
resilience, and reduce/remove greenhouse gases (GHGs),
and require planning to address tradeoffs and synergies
between these three pillars: productivity, adaptation, and

Studies on the enabling factors for household food security (HFS) most often used simplified econometric models looking into the links with a selected set of variables. In this research, a livelihood approach of HFS was used and aimed at determining the most significant livelihood assets for HFS in dryland agricultural systems. Elements of the five livelihood assets were assessed through questionnaire surveys with a random sample of 180 households, and six focus group discussions in three communities along the rural-urban continuum, in Southern Mali.

Bolivia cuenta con una importante superficie de bosques, mayormente en su región sub-tropical y tropical. La deforestación alcanza aproximadamente 200.000 hectáreas por año, sobre todo en las tierras bajas, mientras que la degradación de bosques es más acentuada en los bosques andinos. La ganadería es actualmente la principal causa directa de deforestación, seguida por la agricultura mecanizada de mediana y gran escala, mayormente para la producción de soya, y luego la agricultura a pequeña escala.