Kigali city authorities have recently adopted an in-kind compensation option to mitigate some patterns of spatial injustices, reflected in the displacement of expropriated real property owners towards urban outskirts, where they can afford new properties using the in-cash compensation they receive. This study assesses whether this form of compensation promotes a spatially just and inclusive urban (re)development.

Slovakia faces a critical period in land and property management. The Land Registry still maintains its old 1990s information system and obsolete manual record system, whose structure and links of the real estate records and ownership titles are unable to meet the current requirements of companies in its graphical representation and visualization of data. Basically, it is a partially structured, digitalized and yet still analog system for recording land titles.

Effective ownership, management and access to land are central for sustainable development and can impact significantly on the opportunities for local enterprise. In 1998, Scotland’s Land Reform Policy Group concluded that ‘Land reform is needed on the grounds of fairness and to secure the public good’ Consequently, Scotland has introduced various schemes that facilitate or compel the transfer of land from an existing landowner to a community body.