Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 286 - 290 of 1046Regional Law No. 313-PK “On decision-making related to inclusion of land plots in the category of urban land”.
This Regional Law regulates legal relations in the sphere of inclusion of land plots in the category of urban land or exclusion of the plots of land from this category. The person concerned shall submit to local government application and cadastre registration of land plot for which in requested inclusion in (or exclusion from) the category of urban land. The decision shall be legalized in the form of Regional Decree issued by the Regional Government.
Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulation of fire safety”.
The scope of creation of forest fire safety system shall be to prevent fires and ensure protection of the population and property in case of the outbreak of fire (Art. 5). Separation distance from the boundaries of housing land-use planning to forest area shall be no less than 50 m, and from the boundaries of housing land-use planning with one- and two-storey constructions to forest are shall be no less than 15 (Art. 69).
Amended by: Federal Law No. 117-FZ amending Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulation of fire safety”. (2012-07-10)
Regional Decree No. 86 “On the modalities of performance of municipal land control”.
This Regional Decree establishes the modalities of performance of municipal land control by local government. Municipal land control shall be conducted in the form of ordinary and extraordinary inspections of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs. The subject of inspection shall be checking data and information contained in the documentation related to land tenure. The scope of inspection shall be to control compliance by land tenant with compulsory legislative requirements related to land tenure with a view of prevention and suppression of unauthorized transactions with land.
Regional Law No. 3122-KZ amending Regional Law No. 532-KZ “On regulation of land relations”.
Article 4 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Supreme regional executive body in the sphere of land relations shall set forth the modalities of transfer of public land to the category of protected areas of regional significance and protection thereof in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 532-KZ “On regulation of land relations”. (2009-07-23)
Regional Law No. 514-27-OZ “On price of public or municipal land in case of sale thereof to the owners of edifices and construction located thereon”.
This Regional Law establishes that beginning from 1 January 2010 in case of purchase of parcels of public or municipal land by the owners of edifices and construction located thereon the p[rice shall be equal to cadastre value of the aforesaid plots of land.