Quantifying services and disservices provided by insects and vertebrates in cacao agroforestry landscapes
Animals provide services such as pollination and pest control in cacao agro- forestry systems, but also disservices. Yet, their combined contributions to crop yield and fruit loss are mostly unclear. In a full-factorial field exper- iment in northwestern Peru, we excluded flying insects, ants, birds and bats from cacao trees and assessed several productivity indicators.