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Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.

Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.

Russia is a semi-presidential federation.

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Displaying 991 - 995 of 1046

Order No. 595 of the Federal Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision Service validating authorization for the management of public forestland and transfer thereof in the category of non-forest land.

Regulations
Russia
Eastern Europe
Europe

This Order establishes the terms and conditions for the issuance of permits for the management of the public forestland in case of transfer thereof in the category of non-forest land with a view of exploration of subsoil, prospecting and mining in case of the presence of mineral deposits, the modalities of the issuance or refusal, and also of the registration of the issued permits. The applicant must submit the following documentation: (a) copy of mining licence; (b) mining project; and (c) technical project for the management of mineral deposit.

Federal Law No. 93-FZ amending some legislative acts related to immovable property.

Legislation
Russia
Eastern Europe
Europe

Paragraph 4 of the item 6 of the Article 12 of the Federal Law No. 122-FZ on state registration of immovable property and its transactions shall be supplemented with the following wording: “plots of land shall be registered in accordance with cadastre plan.”; Article 25.2 shall be supplemented with the following wording: “The state registration of the ownership right to a plot of land shall be prohibited in such plot of land cannot be allotted in private ownership in accordance with the Federal legislation.” Article 28 of the Federal Law No.