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Requisition–compensation balance is a type of cultivated land protection system in China. The implementation of hydraulic projects has changed the natural conditions unfavorable to the development of agricultural production and effectively improved the quality of cultivated land. This means that the requisition–compensation balance of cultivated land policies for hydraulic projects should be treated differently. Starting from the example of the requisition–compensation balance of hydraulic projects, this paper analyzes the four major factors of cultivated land quality, namely nature, space, ecology, and economy, from the perspective of cultivated land quality. The productivity of cultivated land is selected as the main index. Based on the principle of ensuring the balance of total grain output value, a corresponding quantitative system is constructed. The measurement of cultivated land quality change and that change’s impact on the requisition–compensation balance of cultivated land are explored. In this paper, the constructed quantitative system is tested by taking the local reinforcement projects of Pizhou Luoma Lake and Zhongyun River as examples. Through an analysis and calculation of the selected cases, the quality of cultivated land in Pizhou City was found to have increased by 92.87%, in keeping with the balance of total grain output value. A relief strategy involving the requisition–compensation balance of cultivated land for hydraulic projects is put forward. This strategy provides the theoretical basis for the revision of the policy of requisition–compensation balance of cultivated land for hydraulic projects.
