In general, government agricultural extension services were low or inadequate in many communities. Farmers reported not having adequate information on sound farm management practices and when they do come, they come in late. The gendered differences on access to information were also evident. Most people who access extension services were men with bigger cocoa farms.

The Programme for Climate-Smart Livestock Systems (PCSL) is an initiative designed to enable key actors in the livestock sector to increasingly include climate change adaptation and mitigation in their farming practices, sector strategies and investment projects. PCSL is financed by GIZ and commissioned by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Adoption of smart-valley increased from 110 ha in 2012 to 474 ha in 2014. Recent evidence show the approach has reached 45,000 ha in Nigeria. In 2019, the total area increased to 1030.94 hectares in Benin and Togo and adopted by 6110 farmers. In Sierra Leone, the total area tracked was 179.3 hectares and adopted by 460 rice farmers.

CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets. 2020. Annual Report 2019. CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets: Washington DC, USA

Extensive areas of Africa's humid tropical lowland forests have been allocated to timber concessions, but are also inhabited by villagers who obtain resources from the forest. Approximately 61% of timber species in the Congo Basin also yield locally used non-timber forest products (NTFP).

The SADC Futures project has developed a range of foresight training materials. The SADC Futures Foresight Training Toolkit forms part of this knowledge series and presents content that was given during the SADC Futures webinar series, a six-part virtual webinar series and facilitated training.

Desertification has increased in African drylands in recent decades, led by land use change, climatic variability and poor land management practices. People living in drylands in Africa are highly vulnerable to desertification and climate change, because of their impacts on a wide range of livelihood based resources.