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A healthy ocean is fundamental to human
wellbeing and an indispensable part of the Earth's
life-support system, which sustains the species and the
ecosystems upon which we depend. The ocean regulates our
climate and, as part of the hydrological cycle, drives
weather patterns that determine rainfall, droughts, and
floods. The ocean has also reduced the impact of
human-induced climate change by absorbing 25 percent of the
carbon dioxide released by human activities and over 90
percent of the extra heat trapped by rising concentrations
of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The ocean also provides
food and sustains livelihoods. The size and growth of the
human population is putting unprecedented pressure on
natural resources, both on land and in the sea. The ocean
may play an increasing role in supplying those resources and
will, in this regard, play a critical role in global efforts
to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods. Comprehensive
global estimates of the economic activity associated with
the ocean have only recently been attempted and a published
consensus estimate has not yet emerged. The global economic
benefits derived from the ocean's goods and services
are, however, undeniably important, especially for coastal
states and island nations. The ocean generates hundreds of
millions of jobs in biotechnology, energy, fishing,
shipping, tourism, and other sectors. Most current economic
assessments do not yet fully account for the innumerable
non-market ecosystem services that can deeply influence
well-being, traditions, cultures, faith, and recreation and
enjoyment for many millions of people.
