There has been tremendous changes in soil use and management in the River Njoro Watershed during the last three decades. Formerly large-scale farms converted into smallholder farms and plantation forests have gradually been lost. These changes in soil use have brought in different soil use and management approaches that have triggered soil erosion and other forms of land degradation. Up to 8.6 Kg of soil, loss per hectare from the cultivated soils has reportedly been lost in one storm. This massive soil loss was probably due to reduced aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity.

Tropical rainforests are characterized by habitat stability and complexity. Hence, the forests
support a rich biological diversity, including 40% of all bird species. However, these rain
forests have been shrinking due to increasing rate of deforestation, fragmentation, and other
forms of resource exploitation. Degradation and loss of rainforests has threatened their rich
biological diversity and the life-support systems. However, the rate at which birds are
displaced by forest clearing and the potential for birds' conservation on farmlands are not

The study was carried out on twelve runoff
plots installed at Kabete Campus Field Station,
University of Nairobi, on a 10% natural slope of
eutric Nitisol to assess the effect of grass strips
in controlling soil loss and runoff on sloping land.
Four treatments, a control plot without grass strip
and three different widths (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m.) of
Nandi setaria (Setaria anceps), were tested under
natural rainfall during 1982 and 1983, simulated
runoff, and simulated rainfall of 80 mm/hr.

Local Authority
The section of Githurai west of the highway falls under the
jurisdiction of the Nairobi City Commission. The rest, which
is east of the highway falls under the jurisdiction of the
Kiambu County Council.
Ownership and Acquisition
Until 1967 the land belonged to a dairy farmer. His workers
had set up a co~operative with the intention of buying off
the farm from him. They formed a compa~y called Githurai
Thinganga. The land they bought consisted of three plots,

Irregular and Illegal allocation of land is a major component of the land question is in Kenya.
The land question is a major rhetoric as it is not one issue but a myriad of issues entrenched in
archaic, pre colonial administrative methods and systems which led to lack of transparency and
abuse of high held offices in the self interest of individuals as pertaining to land. The targets for
fulfilling such self interests were public land and land that could not be acknowledged by law for

At least 20 percent of the Somalian population are refugees, many from Ethiopia. The Refugee Adult Education Unit has a preliteracy phase, offering health and agricultural instruction; a basic literacy phase, teaching reading and writing; and a postliteracy/continuing education phase, enabling skill retention and reinforcement. (SK)

Cenchrus ciliaris L. (African foxtail grass) and Eragrostis superba Peyr. (Maasai lovegrass) grass
species that are native to the rangelands have been promoted for rehabilitation of degraded areas
and improve forage production. A major challenge to successful reseeding of the rangelands has
been lack of certified seeds of these species in the formal seed systems except through collections
from the wild. The main objective of the study was to contribute to improved livestock production

The author presents a broad scope of the discipline of surveying, covering its philosophical foundations, its development over the years, its future directions, and its position in the University of Nairobi.

Land is in no doubt the most important asset in the lives of Kenyans. It is a factor of production which is core to the economic activities of this country. The advent of settlers and colonialism in East Africa placed land in a high level of importance than before. It is not a unique situation for Kenya. Wars have been fought world over with ownership of land and other resources associated with it being at the center of controversy.