The Netherlands submitted data on afforestation, reforestation and deforestation (article 3.3 of the Kyoto Protocol) as well as on additional activities (article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol), as requested by the UNFCCC per 1st of August 2000. Article 3.3 under the IPCC scenario gives a 0,011 Mt C sink for the first commitment period. The article 3.4 activities give a source of 12,7 Mt CO2 due to grassland on peatlands, which are a large CO2-source in the Netherlands. Non CO2-gases and soil carbon are excluded

This study is based on research carried out during several periods from mid 1991 to mid 1995 in the ejido La Canoa in Jalisco, western Mexico, and in several government agencies. The study focuses in particular on the period between the 1930s and 1992 when the Mexican agrarian law was fundamentally changed. The last chapters of the book discuss the change of the agrarian law in 1992.

Abstract

This work looks into the potential use of various instruments which rely on a close interaction between different segments of society (the public, the private and the third sectors) for increasing low income urban land development in Brazil. It is based on the recognition that the Brazilian housing problem is serious, threatening the development and environment of urban centres in the country, being also intimately related to the difficult access to adequate land by a significant portion of the urban population.

The World Food Summit in 1996 set the goal of reducing by half the numbers of malnourished people in the world by 2015. It is unlikely that this will be reached, and particularly not in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Food imports in SSA have increased in the past forty years, since domestic production could not keep up with population growth. Several studies have reported about this stagnating food production in SSA. However, this region encompasses a large number of countries, with a great variety of agro-ecological zones and large differences in land, labour and other resources.

With the existence of mature technologies and modern urban planning necessities, there is a growing public demand to improve the efficiency and transparency of government administrations. This includes the formation of a comprehensive modern spatial land management (cadastre) system having the capacity to handle various types of data in a uniform way—above-terrain and below-terrain—enabling the utilization of land and space for various complex entities.

Meeting the growing demand for food in the future will require adaptation of water and land management to future conditions. We studied the extent of different adaptation options to future global change in the Mediterranean region, under scenarios of water use and availability. We focused on the most significant adaptation options for semiarid regions: implementing irrigation, changes to cropland intensity, and diversification of cropland activities.

Conservation agriculture (CA) is widely promoted as a sustainable agricultural management strategy with the potential to alleviate some of the adverse effects of modern, industrial agriculture such as large-scale soil erosion, nutrient leaching and overexploitation of water resources. Moreover, agricultural land managed under CA is proposed to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation through reduced emission of greenhouse gases, increased solar radiation reflection, and the sustainable use of soil and water resources.