This country note for Macedonia is part
of a series of country briefs that summarize information
relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot
countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with
a particular focus on climate and crop projections,
adaptation options, policy development and institutional
involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a
baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Ecuador, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Ecuador has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Land use change and forestry are the

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Honduras, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Honduras has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Land use change and forestry are by far

Global warming and changes in climate
have already had observed impacts on natural ecosystems and
species. Natural systems such as wetlands, mangroves, coral
reefs, cloud forests, and Arctic and high-latitude
ecosystems are especially vulnerable to climate-induced
disturbances. However, enhanced protection and management of
biological resources and habitats can mitigate the impacts
and contribute to solutions as nations and communities

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Venezuela, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Venezuela has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Land use change and forestry are the

How should Tajikistan adapt to ongoing
and future climate change, in particular given the many
pressing development challenges it currently faces? The
paper argues that for developing countries like Tajikistan,
faster economic and social development is the best possible
defense against climate change. It presents some key
findings from a recent nationally representative household
survey to illustrate the strong public support for more

The framework provided a road map for
climate action for the World Bank Group (WBG) over fiscal
years 2009-11, setting out the WBG's objectives,
principles, areas of focus, and major initiatives in the
field of climate change. The framework was organized around
six action areas: 1) supporting climate actions in
country-led development processes; 2) mobilizing additional
concessional and innovative finance; 3) facilitating the

There is increasing interest in climate
change issues in Indonesia particularly in the lead-up to
the COP13 or Copenhagen meeting in Bali in December 2007
when there was renewed focus on Indonesia as the third
largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world due
to deforestation, peat-land degradation, and forest fires.
In Indonesia, the agriculture sector employs the largest
share, 45 percent, of Indonesia's labor and contributes

The objective of this paper is to
present a succinct and up-to-date review of the urban sector
in Egypt, with a focus on issues for which there is new
insight or emerging government interest. The two main themes
of the report are the challenges facing the urban sector and
the policy implications at various levels of government.
Some of the reports mains findings are: urbanization in
Egypt takes on forms and processes which are not well

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Bolivia, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Bolivia has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Land use change and forestry, coupled

This country note for Azerbaijan is part
of a series of country briefs that summarize information
relevant to climate change and agriculture for three
countries in the Southern Caucasus Region, with a particular
focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation and
mitigation options, policy development and institutional
involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a
baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Brazil, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. In
Brazil, the 5th largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the
world, agriculture (including land use change and forestry)
is the largest contributor to green house gas (GHG)
emissions. The emission reduction potential of the