This report shows that trends in farm
mechanization are attributable to differing approaches to
reform and differing agricultural resource endowments. The
level of reform determines the pattern and extent to which
labor and capital change, with land reform and commodity
market liberalization as the underlying forces for change.
These reforms substantially raise the incentives to invest
as a means to increase productivity and incomes. In

This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM)
is the first for Burundi since the 1980s. It has been
developed in collaboration with the government of Burundi.
The CEM has been prepared in cooperation with the African
development bank and the U.K. department for international
development. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the
world, and has suffered from many years of civil conflict
and its consequences. In the last years, peace has been

Asia's green revolution in rice was
transformational and improved the lives of millions of poor
households. Rice has become an increasingly important part
of African diets and imports of rice have grown. Agronomists
point out that large areas in Africa are well suited for
rice and are encouraged by the field tests of new rice
varieties. So is Africa poised for its own green revolution
in rice? This study reviews the recent literature on rice

This case study is one of six
evaluations of the implementation of the World Bank's
1991 Forest Strategy. This and the other cases (Cameroon,
China, Costa Rica, India, and Indonesia) complement a review
of the entire set of lending and nonlending activities of
the World Bank Group and the Global Environment Facility.
The World Bank has clearly diminished its lending presence
in the Amazon in the past decade. It has moved from the

The Dominican Republic-Central American
Free Trade Agreement with the United States aims to create a
free trade zone for economic development. The Agreement is
expected to intensify commerce and investment among the
participating countries. This paper analyzes the changes in
the production and trading patterns in 2-digit manufacturing
sectors with the goal of understanding the short-term
environmental implications of the Dominican Republic-Central

Kenya will need to navigate through
another economic storm in 2011. This will reduce growth to a
projected 4.8 percent, which is still substantially higher
than the average of the last decade. The decade started on a
bullish note for Kenya. In 2010, growth was higher than
expected at 5.6 percent. If growth accelerated to 6 percent,
Kenya could reach Middle Income Country status by 2019.
Kenya is at the threshold of a major demographic transition

Kosovo's economic growth in the
past decade has been solid, yet, with a gross domestic
product (GDP) per capita of 1,760, the country remains one
of the poorest in Europe. The end of the conflict, output
was growing at double-digit rates, driven by the
donor-funded reconstruction efforts. Since 2005, annual
growth has decelerated to below 5 percent. However, the
other countries in Southeast Europe have been growing

The 1998 edition of world development
indicators initiated a series of annual reports on progress
toward the International development goals. In the foreword
then, World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn recognized
that 'by reporting regularly and systematically on
progress toward the targets the international community has
set for itself, the author will focus attention on the task
ahead and make those responsible for advancing the

The purpose of this paper is to provide
information on how to transform and strengthen pluralistic
agricultural extension and advisory systems in moving toward
the broader goal of increasing farm income and improving
rural livelihoods. The focus of this book is primarily on
the technical knowledge, management skills, and information
services that small-scale farm households will need to
improve their livelihoods in the rapidly changing global

This paper examines the role of social
safety-net programs in Bangladesh run by the government and
nongovernmental organizations to mitigate seasonal
deprivation in the country's highly vulnerable
northwest region. Specifically, the paper explores whether
social safety nets are limited to averting seasonal
deprivation or can also address seasonality of income and
employment more generally. Using a recent survey from the

Russia's exports became further
dominated by petroleum and natural gas over the last decade.
The sector experienced double-digit annual export growth in
the last decade and represented almost 65 percent of
Russia's exports value in 2009 a product of higher
commodity prices and higher export volumes. Export growth
rates of the non-oil and gas sector were also notable. Such
industries as machinery, electronics, transportation

The goal of the Congo, Democratic
Republic of (DRC's) trade policy is to create a
regulatory, fiscal and institutional environment in which
domestic and foreign trade can develop unhindered, opening
up the country's vast territory and integrating it into
regional and international trade channels. In this respect,
the analyses in this report highlight three priorities: (i)
to streamline and reduce port taxation; (ii) to conclude the