Increasing natural disturbances in conifer forests worldwide complicate political decisions about appropriate land management. In particular, allowing insects to kill trees without intervention has intensified public debate over the dual roles of strictly protected areas to sustain ecosystem services and to conserve biodiversity. Here we show that after large scale bark beetle Ips typographus infestation in spruce Picea abies forests in southeastern Germany, maximum nitrate concentrations in runoff used for drinking water increased significantly but only temporarily at the headwater scale.

Nest boxes were deployed in planted and regrowth areas in association with a revegetation project to restore Forest Red‐gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) ecosystems on abandoned former agricultural land. A year after revegetation began, 36 boxes were installed in each of the planted and regrowth areas in 2003, and these were monitored to 2013. Sixteen vertebrate species utilised boxes, which included breeding by four species and two species that were not detected by other survey methods. More boxes were used by fauna in the planting compared to regrowth in all but one audit.

Indonesia has experienced rapid land use change over the last few decades as forests and peatswamps have been cleared for more intensively managed land uses, including oil palm and timber plantations. Fires are the predominant method of clearing and managing land for more intensive uses, and the related emissions affect public health by contributing to regional particulate matter and ozone concentrations and adding to global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.