Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 266 - 270 of 1046Regional Law No. 750-OZ “On the modalities of use for proper needs of common widespread minerals, groundwater and building of underground constructions by owners of land plots, land tenants, landlords and leaseholders on the regional territory”.
This Regional Law establishes that use for proper needs of common widespread minerals, without use of explosives, and building of underground constructions to the depth of five meters, by owners of land plots, land tenants, landlords and leaseholders on the regional territory shall be performed in accordance with conclusions of the authorized state regional institution competent in the sphere of rational management and protection of subsoil.
Decree of the Regional Government No. 80-P “On the modalities of performance of municipal land control”. Decree of the Regional Government No. 80-P “On the modalities of performance of municipal land control”.
This Regional Decree establishes the modalities of performance of municipal land control by local government. Municipal land control shall be conducted in the form of ordinary and extraordinary inspections of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs. The subject of inspection shall be checking data and information contained in the documentation related to land tenure. The scope of inspection shall be to control compliance by land tenant with compulsory legislative requirements related to land tenure with a view of prevention and suppression of unauthorized transactions with land.
Regional Law No. 118-V-Z “On some issues of state cadastre valuation”.
This Regional Law establishes that state cadastre valuation of immovable property shall be performed by decision of local government in case of submittal of application to the Regional Government for performance of autonomous performance of the aforesaid cadastre evaluation and authorization issued by the Regional Government.
Regional Law No. 69-oz amending Regional Law No. 56-ZAO “On subsoil management”.
Article 3 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Regional executive bodies shall be responsible for allotment of plots of subsoil containing groundwater deposits used for potable water supply and industrial water use or agricultural water use with daily water abstraction not exceeding 500 cubic meters”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 56-ZAO “On subsoil management”. (2012-06-26)
Regional Decree No. 181-a “On the modalities of performance of municipal land control”.
This Regional Decree establishes the modalities of performance of municipal land control by local government. Municipal land control shall be conducted in the form of ordinary and extraordinary inspections of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs. The subject of inspection shall be checking data and information contained in the documentation related to land tenure. The scope of inspection shall be to control compliance by land tenant with compulsory legislative requirements related to land tenure with a view of prevention and suppression of unauthorized transactions with land.