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Russia

Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.

Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.

Russia is a semi-presidential federation.

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Displaying 236 - 240 of 1046

Regional Law No. 451-PK “On objects of cultural heritage”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

This Regional Law regulates relations originating in the sphere of conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage. State registration of the objects of cultural heritage shall include: (a) identification, inspection and listing of the objects of cultural heritage; (b) formation of the register of the identified objects of cultural heritage; (c) data collection related to the objects of cultural heritage; and (d) monitoring of the objects of cultural heritage.

Regional Law No. 14-z “On some issues of allotment of public and municipal land plots on lease”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

This Regional Law regulates some issues of allotment of public and municipal land plots on lease without tender to legal persons for location of social and cultural facilities, public utilities and realization of large-scale investment projects.

Regional Law No. 445-PK amending Regional Law No. 604-PK “On the modalities of calculation of lease payment, modalities and terms of payment of thereof for lease of land plots of public land”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

Article 3 shall be amended to add the following wording: “The amount of payment in accordance with contract for the application of servitude related to land plots shall be calculated in accordance with the purpose of and the grounds for the application of servitude in conformity with the Articles 1 and 2 of this Regional Law”.

Amends: Regional Law No. 604-PK “On the modalities of calculation of lease payment, modalities and terms of payment of thereof for lease of land plots of public land”. (2013-12-14)

Regional Law No. 229-OD “On grounds for refusal of validation of cadastre registration of land plots”.

Legislation
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

This Regional Law establishes the following cases for the refusal of cadastre registration of land plots: (a) unavailability of data attesting the rights of the applicant to constructions and edifices located on land plots for which cadastre scheme has been drafted; (b) availability of irregularities and violations of the mandatory requirements of land legislation; and (c) difference of submitted data from already inserted in the unified state register of rights to immovable property.

Regional Decree No. 23-pa “On the modalities of performance of municipal land control”.

Regulations
Fédération de Russie
Europe orientale
Europe

This Regional Decree establishes the modalities of performance of municipal land control by local government. Municipal land control shall be conducted in the form of ordinary and extraordinary inspections of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs. The subject of inspection shall be checking data and information contained in the documentation related to land tenure, to ensure availability and conservation of landmarks.