Ethanol as a Husehold Fuel in Madagascar : Health Benefits, Economic Assessment, and Review of African Lessons for Scaling-up

This study was commissioned to analyse
the cost efficiency and economic viability of an ethanol
programme, for reducing disease, and protecting the forests
in Madagascar. This information is also expected to be of
interest regionally and internationally, given that the
World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are
nearly two million deaths per annum globally due to
Household Air Pollution (HAP), representing 2.7 percent of
the global burden of disease. Of these, nearly 400,000
deaths per annum due to HAP, are in sub-Saharan Africa. With
only 20 percent of the world's population, Africa
suffers a disproportionate share of around half of all
deaths from pneumonia for children under five years, for
which HAP is a major risk factor. This study investigates
the potential of ethanol as a household fuel in Madagascar,
focusing on three main components: health benefits,
financial and economic assessment, and African lessons for
scaling-up a program of support for ethanol as a household fuel.