Land, rubber and people
The Journal of Lao Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1, pages 1-47. "In this paper I do not argue against farmer livelihood strategies that include either rubber-based or off-farm opportunities. However, the large-scale rubber plantations in Laos are clearly having a massive and rapid impact on landscapes and livelihoods. I want to draw attention specifically to the socio-cultural and economic impacts of the types of rubber development occurring in southern Laos, which I argue are largely benefiting foreign investors and local elites at the expense of most villagers."