The success of REDD+ depends on whether it can be economically viable and if any resulting payments are sufficient to cover the opportunity cost plus any transaction cost. Where tenure security over forested areas is weak, REDD+ can pose a risk for forest communities, who could be dispossessed, excluded and marginalised. This review explores how payment for avoided deforestation and forest tenure impact the success of REDD+ projects in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and equity.

This policy brief examines the manner in which Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) pilot projects have been undertaken in Indonesia and Peru. The research data summarized within the brief was gathered using a method known as Fair and Efficient REDD Value Chain Allocation (FERVA). The FERVA analysis is used to capture the perceptions and expectations of REDD stakeholders at the preliminary stages of REDD initiatives; it also informs stakeholders of the different functions of the REDD value chain.

The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) compares and assesses national and global action against a range of different climate targets across all relevant time frames. This report assesses whether Mexico’s current policies and climate action pledges meet the country's targets and approach the targets required for a global 2°C or lower pathway. According to the report, Mexico is among the countries most advanced in reducing emissions from deforestation and ensuring afforestation through payment for environmental services.

Market solutions based on the trade of carbon offset credits remain a dominant feature in international climate change negotiations. This paper undertakes a preliminary assessment of potential of climate change mitigation projects by evaluating Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects related to agriculture and land use change in Latin America. Results suggest that potential benefits of carbon markets in the agriculture and forestry sectors are often overstated, with failures in the areas of additionality, project accountability and sustainable development.

The International Fund for Agricultural Development’s (IFAD) annual report 2011 describes the achievements of its programme of work through 240 projects in 94 countries, as well as its new strategic framework for 2011-2015. The report documents the milestones and indicators towards sustainable rural development, including a number of regional examples. It highlights IFAD’s efforts to support the empowerment of poor rural women and young people, to increase rural financial services and weather insurance, and to address climate change, which is one of IFAD’s most central strategic aims.

Kenya is on the road towards commercial exploitation of the Turkana oil resources. Until now, management of benefits from Kenya‟s natural resources is particularly problematic. This assertion is demonstrated by the fact that such benefits have never trickled down to the local people in a very structured way. The failure has led to calls for the putting into place of ways through which natural resource-based benefits should be shared equitably. Picking a cue from the above experiences, Parliament recently published three relevant and interrelated Bills.

s outlined in Kenya’s REDD+ Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP) the Government of Kenya was in the process of developing its national strategy for participating in an evolving international mechanism for reducing GHG emissions arising from deforestation and forest degradation while conserving sustainably managing available carbon stock and where opportunities present enhancing forest carbon stocks. This process required enhanced institutional capabilities to undertake mandatory assessment of performance through regular and detailed monitoring of forest carbon stocks.

Population and housing census of Kenya, 2009

As provided under the Scale of fees, Valuers Act

Cap. 532 of the Laws of Kenya.

THE VALUERS (FORMS & FEES)(AMENDMENT) RULES, 2011

1.Urban,  Rating and Agriculture Valuation
First Kshs.  2,000,000 at 1.0 per cent
Residue at 0.25 per cent

2.Compulsory Acquisition Valuation
First Kshs.  2,000,000 at 2.0 per cent
Residue at 0.5 per cent

3. Rental Valuation

First Kshs. 400,000 p.a at 10 per cent
Residue at 5 per cent.

How can gender be mainstreamed into programmes concerned with the sustainable use and management of biodiversity? The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) has produced guidelines on how to integrate gender analysis into biodiversity research. The central role played by women in the maintenance of rural lands, and changing gender roles and relations resulting from cost of living rises and increased migration, are highlighted.

The research provides a holistic overview of the key changes that affected Northern Chin society from pre-colonial times up to now in villages close to Hakha town where State penetration was stronger than in more remote

areas. The study sheds light on the overlapping and evolving statutory and customary land systems and on the issues faced by contemporary Chin communities as they seek to govern land and natural resources.

In this study, methods, originally developed to assess life course trajectories, are explored in order to evaluate land change through the analysis of sequences of land use/cover. Annual land cover maps which describe land use/land cover change for the 1985–2017 period for a large region in Northeast Brazil were analyzed. The most frequent sequences, the entropy and the turbulence of the land trajectories, and the average time of permanence were computed. Clusters of similar sequences were determined using different dissimilarity measures.