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Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.

Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.

Russia is a semi-presidential federation.

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Displaying 66 - 70 of 1046

Regional Law No. 36-GD “On apiculture”.

Legislation
февраля, 2016
Russia

The scope of this Regional Law shall be to set forth the conditions for the breeding, keeping and protection of bees, and also for protecting legal rights and interests of natural and legal persons carrying out apiculture. State support to apiculture shall be granted in accordance with regional programmes related to state support of agricultural activity.

Regional Law 866-OZ amending Regional Law No. 667-OZ “On some issues related to turnover of agricultural land”.

Legislation
февраля, 2016
Russia

Article 1 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Leaseholder of a plot of agricultural land pertaining to public or municipal ownership shall have the right of purchase of such plot of land in ownership on condition of proper use of such plot of land upon expiry of three-year period from the date of conclusion of lease contract set forth as percentage related to cadastre value and depending upon expiry of lease periods”.

Amends: Regional Law No. 667-OZ “On some issues related to turnover of agricultural land”. (2015-03-18)

Regional Law No. 05-ZRH amending Regional Law No. 105-ZRH “On objects of cultural heritage”.

Legislation
февраля, 2016
Russia

Article 9 (1) shall be amended to add the following wording: “The procedure for establishment of historical and cultural value of an object of cultural heritage shall include the following: (a) examination of information and data related to the object; (b) establishment of historical and cultural value of the object; and (c) decision-making on inclusion of the object in the list of objects of historical and cultural heritage of rejection of such inclusion”.

Amends: Regional Law No. 105-ZRH “On objects of cultural heritage”. (2013-07-05)

Regional Law No. 605-PK amending Regional Law No. 1080-220 “On turnover of agricultural land”.

Legislation
февраля, 2016
Russia

Article 8 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Urban land destined for urban and peri-urban agriculture without constructions thereon and allotted to agricultural organization or peasant farm on condition of permanent (open-ended) land tenure or hereditary life-long possession shall be purchased in ownership by the aforesaid categories of natural and legal persons at the cost of 15 percent of cadastre value of the plot of land at the date of submittal of the application”.

Amends: Regional Law No. 1080-220 “On turnover of agricultural land”. (2013-03-05)