Dar es Salaam is one of the fastest growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa. In its rapidly expanding peri-urban fringe poor migrants from distant rural areas settle down on plots they can afford that provide access to urban markets. They engage in commercial poultry farming establishing sustainable livelihoods and improving food security in the city.

The spread of mobile telecommunications in Africa is opening up new horizons in business and politics. More than 10 percent of the African population now has a mobile phone. In areas without roads where contact was formerly difficult, the mobile phone is sweeping aside communication problems. New business links are now possible; a new era is dawning in Africa.

In 2007 Urban LandMark undertook a series of consultations as part of the Voices of the Poor project. Four workshops were held in the centres listed above. The workshops were attended mostly by civil society organisations as well as NGOs. In all, 105 participants from more than 30 different civil society organisations participated. This case study presents the perspectives and experiences of civil society organisations with regard to access to urban land by the poor as derived from the consultations. These perspectives are fairly representative of urban community organisations as a whole.

Trading Places is about urban land markets in African cities. It explores how local practice, land governance and markets interact to shape the ways that people at society's margins access land to build their livelihoods.

The authors argue that the problem is not with markets per se, but in the unequal ways in which market access is structured. They make the case for more equal access to urban land markets, not only for ethical reasons, but because it makes economic sense for growing cities and towns.

Countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region were the first in the developing world to go through rapid urbanization. Today, the region is the second most urbanized region in the world. This urbanization process has been accompanied by sharp social contrasts and economic disparities, a buoyant informal housing and land development process and increased local democracy and municipal autonomy, coupled with active social urban movements. This makes the Latin America and Caribbean region a unique landscape in the study of land and housing for the poor. 

L’urbanisation est souvent considérée comme ayant des effets néfastes sur le développement rural. En fait, c’est tout le contraire. Les espaces ruraux et urbains, les populations et les entreprises sont étroitement liés et on peut dire avec certitude qu’il n’y a pas de développement rural sans développement urbain et inversement.

En réponse à la crise alimentaire de 2008, le Sénégal a préparé un ambitieux programme d’autosuffisance alimentaire visant à assurer l’intégralité de la consommation nationale de riz avec du riz local d’ici à 2015, essentiellement grâce à des investissements massifs dans les périmètres existants et nouveaux de production de riz dans la Vallée du fleuve Sénégal.

L'urbanisation et la transformation économique, c'est-àdire la croissance des secteurs non agricoles, industriels et tertiaires, offrent de nombreuses possibilités d'améliorer les conditions d'existence des pauvres. Le défi essentiel consiste à s'assurer que la population bénéficie plus d'un milieu offrant un cadre favorable à l'évolution des moyens de subsistance et des systèmes économiques. Mais trop souvent, on constate une incapacité à reconnaître et gérer la transition urbaine, ce qui se traduit par une urbanisation permanente de la pauvreté, de la vulnérabilité et de l'exclusion.

Les villes tirent profit de la prospérité de l'agriculture

La relation entre la ville et les zones rurales s'est radicalement transformée au cours des dernières années. Une délimitation franche n'est plus guère possible aujourd'hui et c'est le continuum des zones à vocation agricole, des banlieues, des zones d'habitat spontané et des centres urbains qui modèle le paysage. Mais les pays et la coopération au développement disposent-ils des instruments nécessaires pour promouvoir un développement dynamique et équilibré entre la ville et le milieu rural et pour entrouvrir des perspectives aux populations qui y vivent ?

This case study draws on an analysis of urban land markets in the East African region. The research was undertaken by Paul Syagga, School of the Built Environment, University of Nairobi, and commissioned by Urban LandMark. Some learning and reflection activities based on the case study are provided. The next part of the document presents examples of how people access, trade and hold land in various East African cities. The final component of this document includes a summary of the key issues covered in the case study and recommendations arising from it.

This Handbook introduces key economic and related concepts explaining the functioning of urban land markets. You will find in this Handbook tools for engaging in a critical analysis of conventional economics, particularly in the understanding of how African urban land markets work. Of great importance is the understanding of how land use, supply and demand unfold in African context. It provides a basis for strengthening urban policy in ways that enable poorer people in African cities to access well-located living and work spaces.