Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 156 - 160 of 1046Regional Decree No. 206 validating the Regulation on sanitary protection of waterbodies used for potable and industrial water supply.
This Regional Decree establishes the procedure for validation of the schemes of sanitary protection areas of waterbodies used for potable and industrial water supply. Boundaries and protection regime of sanitary protection areas of waterbodies shall be established by the regional Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and shall be indicated in land-use planning documentation.
Regional Law No. 5-RZ “On allocation of territory for pastoralism”.
This Regional Law establishes the modalities of allocation of agricultural lands for grazing, transhumance and pastoralism and is aimed at specific and rational management of grazing grounds, conservation and improvement of grasses, prevention of negative anthropogenic impact, conservation and reproduction of natural landscapes. Grazing grounds destined for pastoralism shall be classified as winter and summer. Land destined for grazing, transhumance and pastoralism shall be public or municipal property and can be allotted to natural and legal persons exclusively on lease.
Regional Law No. 642-5-ZKO amending Regional Law No. 68-ZKO “On delimitation of plenary powers between state regional bodies in the sphere of land relations”.
Article 3 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Regional Legislative Assembly shall be responsible for establishment of maximum and minimum land areas out of stock of public or municipal land that can be allotted to citizens for farming”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 68-ZKO “On delimitation of plenary powers between state regional bodies in the sphere of land relations”. (2009-04-13)
Regional Decree No. 704 “On the modalities of performance of municipal land control”.
This Regional Decree establishes the modalities of performance of municipal land control by local government. Municipal land control shall be conducted in the form of ordinary and extraordinary inspections of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs. The subject of inspection shall be checking data and information contained in the documentation related to land tenure. The scope of inspection shall be to control compliance by land tenant with compulsory legislative requirements related to land tenure with a view of prevention and suppression of unauthorized transactions with land.
Law of the RSFSR No. 1034-I on sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.
This Law deals with land use planning as regards urban and country-side planning, establishes the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the potable and industrial water supply services, establishes the requirements for food handling, processing, storage and trade, and lays down the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for waste disposal.The Law consists of 7 Sections composed of 43 articles. Section 1 (arts. 1-4) lays down the general provisions. Section 2 (arts.