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This paper examines a process - the spontaneous enclosure of the range by livestock owners - which may rise new problems but also permit new approaches to the development of the African livestock industry. Drawing on case material from Sudan and Somalia, the opening section of the paper discusses some of the spontaneous range enclosure. It is suggested that the conditions which give rise to enclosure movements - drought, overstocking, water development, the increasing commercial value of livestock production, and the breakdown of collective forms of land - management - are factors which are common to much of dry, pastoral Africa. The final issue posed by range enclosure concerns the long-term planning and policy implications of the process.
