Pakistan has an annual deforestation rate of 4.6% which is the second highest in Asia. It has been described by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) that the deforestation rate increased from 1.8–2.2% within two decades (1980–2000 and 2000–2010). KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan’s northwestern province, holds 31% of the country’s total forest resources, the majority of which are natural forests. The Malam Jabba region, known for its agro-forestry practices, has undergone significant changes in its agricultural, forestry, and urban development.

Taking Erdaojiang and Dongchang District of Tonghua City, Jilin Province as examples, this paper studies the ecological environment restoration and governance model of their mining areas. In this paper, the vegetation cover (NDVI) data in the past ten years were selected from the study area. The Theil–Sen median and Mann–Kendall (MK) methods were used to analyze the time series of NDVI, and the vegetation cover change trend map of the study area was obtained.

Malaysia deforested 6.3 million hectares since independence; 91% of which occurred before Malaysia pledged, at the Earth Summit in 1992, to maintain a minimum 50% of its terrestrial area under forest cover. However, under economic and population pressure, Sarawak—the largest contributing state to the country’s current forest cover of 54.8%—shows continuing deforestation even after 1992.